How to calculate the power of the stove for the sauna

Calculation of a bathhouse for a bathhouse

Differ in structure, the principles of work. We will analyze each of the types Read more.

Open

The stones are laid on top of the furnace structure, not covered with anything. Due to this, the steam room warms up faster, a temperature of up to 100 degrees is achieved. But the humidity in the room is small, so the heat is dry.

There should be few stones, otherwise the upper layer will warm up poorly and the steam room will not be warm enough.

To increase moisture levels and water vapor output, hot stones are simply watered with water. One or two buckets are enough. This will give up to 15% humidity.

To increase the fire safety level and reduce the risk of burning, it is recommended to make a fire brick masonry around the walls of the furnace or make a septum of wood.

For heating the sauna, it is important that as a large area of ​​the furnace to contact with airspace. This contributes to a faster heat heating in the steam room

Closed (lined with brick or stone)

If wood fuel is chosen for heating, you will have to prepare large stocks in advance. Such a stove for a long time gains the desired temperature, but, having reached the desired mark, gives good heat transfer and retains heat for a long time.

Closed structures are great for large baths, where there is not only pair, washing, dressing room, but also a rest room.

One of the pluses is closed stones. Therefore, there is no risk of getting a burn.

In factory economical models, the oven has a double casing with a gap for air exchange between the walls.

Combined

For most manufacturers, the design consists of a high box with lattices, double valves (performs the function of the fuel). A smoke.Breed pipe comes out of the neck of the box. Stones are also laid here in the neck.

There are devices with combined fuel types on sale:

They do not need to be constantly controlled. Just set up on the required temperature.

• Monoblock. With a heat exchanger, a furnace chamber. Non.Removable gas burner, closed by a steel sheet.
• Paired. Have two separate combustion chambers for firewood and gas.
• Reviewed. Universal device. Can be redone for each fuel.

The first two types do not need reconfiguration, since you can switch to another from one type of fuel.

GAZ is used for trunk or liquefied in cylinders.

The electric design allows you to successfully heat the bath from electricity, firewood (to choose from). Over, firewood is considered the main raw material. When they burn out and the temperature decreases, the electric heater automatically begins to work. On the sides of the product are two hets. Such stoves operate from a 220 W network, with a three.Phase voltage of 380 V.

The owners can choose how fuel to heat the bath. But such designs are many times more expensive than simple wood furnaces.

Calculation of the power of the bathhouse

Averaged value: 1 kW = 1 cubic.M. The method is as follows:

• Calculate the volume of the steam room. If the room is 3×2 m, the height of the ceilings is 2.3 m, then the indicator is 13.8 cubic meters.M.
• Calculate the area of ​​window and doorways, multiply the resulting number by 1.2 for calculating heat loss. Summage the square. If the window is 0.4 kV.M, and the door is 1.8 kV.M, then the total area is 2.2 kV.M.
• Find out the volume. Taking into account the specified values ​​- 2.2×1.2 = 2.64 cubic meters.M.
• Fold the indicators. Bottom line. 16.44 cubic meters.M.

If the bath does not have a finish, and thermal insulation is low, then the resulting figure should be multiplied by 1.6 (16.44×1.6 = 26.3). The desired value is 26-30 kW (if you take with a small margin).

Standardly for factory units, the capacity is spelled out in the attached documentation. If absent, then for calculating the registration is taken the area of ​​space. The volume is calculated, multiplied by 0.5.

Than the power of power is dangerous

Most often there are two problems. A lack or excess of power. In both cases there will be consequences affecting the operation of the furnace.

• Many people prefer to choose a stove with an excess of power, believing that so less time will be spent on warming up the premises. This is true. However, after the stove will work at a minimum. As a result, it will turn out that the temperature in the steam room will be high, but the stones will remain unimaginated. Accordingly, pouring water on them will be pointless. The couple will not. Or the steam will be “heavy”. Like the one that comes out when boiling water, and not the light pleasant steam that is needed for the bathhouse.

In addition, the stove with an excess of power during a furnace at the maximum will quickly warm the walls, while the density of the vapors they release exceeds critical, and the flow of gaseous moisture goes inside the bath, making air very “heavy”.

• Another option is a power lack. In this case, in order to warm the room you will have to drown the oven for a longer time and at the maximum capabilities. Even if the furnace is able to sufficiently warm the room, for a long time it will not work in this mode.

Therefore, the calculation of optimal power is one of the most critical steps in choosing a bathhouse: this way the equipment will serve for a long time, quickly heat the room, and the air will be light and hot.

Calculation of optimal power

It does not matter in favor of which type of equipment will be preferred. Metal bath furnaces or traditional stone or bricks. You can calculate the required power, knowing the cubic meter of the room. In addition, manufacturers usually indicate not only power in kilowatts, but also for the premises of what volume the stoves are intended. This information can also be taken into account.

To determine the cubature, the parameters of the room are needed. Values ​​of length, height and width. The variation of these numbers will give the size of the volume of the room.

The actual cubature of the room is only the original data. This can be called the theory that rarely coincides with practice. In fact, there are a number of parameters that change the requirements for power.

• Insulation. If the decoration inside and thermal insulation are absent (for example, the walls are made of logs), then we multiply the volume by a coefficient of 1.5.
• The presence of non.Insulated surfaces. It is necessary to calculate the area of ​​all surfaces in the room on which there is no thermal insulation. The area of ​​masonry, tiles, windows, etc. The resulting area is multiplied by 1.2 (each square meter of an unleven surface increases the heated volume by 1.2 m3) and the result is added to the cubic meter. If the glazing window is double, then you can take a coefficient of 0.5.
• Type of door. Invalid glass or wooden doors to the steam room automatically add another 1.5 m3.

We will also receive the correct calculation of the necessary power of the furnace when taking into account the material from which the bathhouse is built. This fact cannot be lost, since the design of the floor and walls absorbs a significant amount of heat. For example, if your bathhouse is built of logs without finishing, it is necessary to additionally apply a coefficient of 1.6; If the internal wall is sheathed with lining and insulation, a reducing coefficient of 0.6 is taken.

A certain role in increasing power can play a chimney for a bath furnace, more precisely, its location. If a significant part is located in the room, then it can also become source of additional heat.

The final figure will already be more real. At the same time, choosing a stove, make sure that the resulting indicator is located between the limiting values. For example, if the square of the room, taking into account all the coefficients. Is 25 m3, then the furnace should be selected for the recommended volume of 20-30 m3, and not 20-25 m3.

How to count for a Russian bathhouse

Calculation of the power of the bathhouse for the bathhouse depending on the volume of the steam room

The bath stove needs to be chosen by optimal power based on the volume of your steam room.

You can’t make a mistake in choosing the power of the bath furnace, because then there will be no good steam: neither in the case when the power is not enough, nor in the case when the furnace power is more than required.

If you put a small oven in the bathhouse with insufficient power for this volume of steam room, then it will have to operate in excess of the possibilities, which will lead to rapid wear and breakdown of the furnace.

If you buy a stove with a margin of reasons that the power supply does not happen superfluous, then yes, indeed, the bathhouse will heat up quickly and hotly! But, in order to steam in comfortable conditions, when soaring, it will have to artificially reduce its capabilities and ventilate the steam room after each call. As a result, a balanced steam is not obtained due to the fact that the stones in the Kamenka will not be so hot. And, if you maintain the desired temperature of the stones (at least 500 degrees C), it will be too hot on the shelf and even in the lower zone, at the floor.

Determine the volume of the steam way by changing its internal size: width, length and height. For example, the steam room has a size of 3x2m and a height of 2.2m. So its volume is.13.2 m3.

Calculate the heat of loss with cold surfaces such as a glass door, a window, brick masonry of the partition by multiplying the area by a coefficient of 1.2, believing that each square meter of such a surface absorbs the heat necessary for warming 1.2m3.For example, in the steam room there is a window with 0.51.0m = 0.5 m2 and a glass door with 1.80.8m = 1.44m2. So the heat loss will be (0.5m2 1.44m2) 1.2 = 2.33m3

Calculation of fuel combustion

The calculation of fuel combustion (a mixture of natural and domain gases) is made similarly to calculating a mixture of coke and domain gases, considered in example 34.

Accepting moisture in gases equal

And making a recalculation according to the formula (91, a), we get the following composition of wet gases, %:

By formula (92) we find the composition of mixed gas, %:

Oxygen consumption for burning mixed gas under consideration with equal

The composition of the combustion products is found by formulas (96)

The total volume of combustion products is equal

We check the correctness of the calculation by compilation of the material balance.

Comed, kg: received products of combustion, kg:

To determine the calorimetric combustion temperature, it is necessary to find the enthalpy of combustion products

Here. Enthalpy air at (Appendixii).

Having taken the pyrometric coefficient equal. Find the actual fuel combustion temperature

Calculation of optimal power of the bath furnace

Now the next question: optimal power is what is what? All manufacturers indicate for each model not only power in kilowatts, but also the recommended volume of steam room. We will not delve into the intricacies of calculating thermal power, but take another parameter as a basis. The Cubature of the steam room. So consider and easier and more understandable.

We determine the kubature of the steam room

In principle, the kubature of the steam room can also be determined according to the project of the bath. There are all sizes.

If there is no project, you will have to work with roulette.

• Measure the steam room and write down its length, height, width in meters.
• We change everything, we get our volume in cubic meters.

It would seem that we have already received the very kubature of the steam room by which we will choose a furnace for the bath. But this is not so. There are a number of nuances that must be taken into account.

We make the necessary adjustments

The actual kubature of the steam room is not the data that you should rely on when choosing the power of the bath furnace. This is only a theory, and there are also individual features of the paired premises of a particular bath, and these features also affect the choice of the necessary power of the bath furnace.

• If on the walls or on the ceiling in the steam room there are non.Insulated surfaces (brickwork, cladding with stone or tiles, windows and so on), then we count their area, multiply by 1.2 and add to the previously calculated kubature. That is, every 1m.Kv of such surfaces increases the calculated volume by 1.2m.Cube;
• If you have a glass door installed in the steam room, then we add another 1.5m to the resulting volume.Cube;
• If the walls are made of logs and after that there are no interior decoration (the walls are not lined with lining through thermal insulation), then we multiply the volume by 1.5.

Now we know the volume for which the bang bang you need to be designed.

When choosing a specific model, the resulting volume should be in the middle of the maximum values. For example, we got 20 m.Cube, so we need a furnace for a bathhouse not with a cubature of 12-20, but the one that indicates 15-25m.Cube.

How to calculate the power of the stove for the sauna

Calculation of the power of the bathhouse for the bathhouse depending on the volume of the steam room

The bath stove needs to be chosen by optimal power based on the volume of your steam room.

You can’t make a mistake in choosing the power of the bath furnace, because then there will be no good steam: neither in the case when the power is not enough, nor in the case when the furnace power is more than required.

If you put a small oven in the bathhouse with insufficient power for this volume of steam room, then it will have to operate in excess of the possibilities, which will lead to rapid wear and breakdown of the furnace.

If you buy a stove with a margin of reasons that the power supply does not happen superfluous, then yes, indeed, the bathhouse will heat up quickly and hotly! But, in order to steam in comfortable conditions, when soaring, it will have to artificially reduce its capabilities and ventilate the steam room after each call. As a result, a balanced steam is not obtained due to the fact that the stones in the Kamenka will not be so hot. And, if you maintain the desired temperature of the stones (at least 500 degrees C), it will be too hot on the shelf and even in the lower zone, at the floor.

The calculation of the power of the bath for the bath must be done in the following sequence:

Determine the volume of the steam way by changing its internal size: width, length and height. For example, the steam room has a size of 3x2m and a height of 2.2m. So its volume is.13.2 m3.

Calculate the heat of loss with cold surfaces such as a glass door, a window, brick masonry of the partition by multiplying the area by a coefficient of 1.2, believing that each square meter of such a surface absorbs the heat necessary for warming 1.2m3.For example, in the steam room there is a window with 0.51.0m = 0.5 m2 and a glass door with 1.80.8m = 1.44m2. So the heat of loss will be (0.5m21.44m2) 1.2 = 2.33m3

We summarize the calculated cubacy: the total volume of steam room and heat loss from cold surfaces. Previously calculated numbers on p.P.1 and 2 fold and get the amount required for heating, equal in our example (13,22,33) = 15.53m3

We get the correct calculation of the power of the furnace for the bath, if we take into account the material from which the bathhouse is built, since the designs of walls, ceiling and floor also absorb a decent amount of heat. For example, for a log bath, without finishing, it is necessary to apply a coefficient equal to 1.6, and if the steam room is lined with lining, with foil, and with a heater, then a reducing coefficient of 0.6 is taken (since such a wall does not absorb, but pushes warmth from himself). So, for logs in the steam room, the calculated capacity of the furnace will be 15.53m3x1.6 = 24.85 m3 = 24.85 kW (for reasons, which is enough for 1 m3 of the calculated volume of the steam room) 1 kW of the furnace power).

When buying, select the furnace for which power in the interval is from 25 kW

Data for calculating the power of the furnace for each specific bath may differ in its features due to the use of various materials and structures of the structure itself, or some additional factors, for example, the presence of supply ventilation, etc.P.

Since in a Russian bath a steam is formed as a result of splashing water on hot stones, when choosing a bath stove, you should look not only at its rated power, but also at the volume (weight) of the stones that can be placed in this furnace.

In different sources, a different number of stones are recommended at the rate per 1 m3 of steam room for soaring 15 people at the same time within 5 hours. Take a minimum: 30kg. Therefore, for our example, you will need 30kg24.85M3 = 745.5 kg if the steam room is not calculated for 15, but for 5 people, then, accordingly, it is necessary to reduce the volume of stones by 3 times: 745.5 kg/3 = 248.5 kg. Something is too much for a furnace with a capacity of 25 kW and weights of no more than 200 kg (cast iron)Yes, and what sizes there should be a metal stove so that so many stones fit into it? In another “ancient” book, it is recommended for every 6 liters for the given water-8kg of cobblestone and 1.5 kg.Per 1 m3 of steam volume. Per hour of 5 people pour no more than 4 liters on stones of hot water, so for 5 hours of continuous soaring they will spend 20 liters (which is unlikely). Still, reduce the amount of water by 30%, given the pauses for ventilation and rest. It turns out that only 18.7 kg is needed. We also make a calculation of the number of stones for the bath, taking into account the volume of the steam room: 1.5kg24.85 m3 = 37.5 kg. We summarize everything and get: 37.5 kg18.7kg = 53.2 kg of cobblestone. This is an acceptable figure for a regular simple bathhouse. You can make a more complex calculation of stones for the bath. Determining the required amount of heat according to evaporation and heating but. The task of this article is to determine the necessary power of the furnace for the bath. Therefore, we will figure out how much kW is needed to heat 53.2 kg of stones for 15 minutes (approximate time allotted to a pause between soaring) to a temperature of 500 degrees:

1 kg of stones from a temperature of 500 degrees, cooling up to 200 degrees (difference of 350 degrees), will be given 294 kJ (0.84 kJ/kgs x 1 kg x 350s).

53.2 kg will give 294 kJ53.2kg = 15640.8 kJ. How much heat will be given when cooling, the same amount needs to be replenished.

We transfer KJ to kW, we get 4.35kw per hour

We recalculate for 15 minutes: 4.354 = 17.40 kW

Conclusion: The power of the furnace of 20 kW will provide heating up to 500 degrees 53.2 kg of stones every 15 minutes. Add another 5 kW to the calculation of the power of the bathhouse to account for heat losses through structures and cold surfaces. So, for paired sizes of 3x2x2.2m, you need a furnace with a capacity of 25 kW, based on two different calculations:

In volume of steam and cold surfaces

With a lower consumption for the water given, for example, with soaring not five people, but two, for not five hours, but a total three-three, you can choose a stove with lower power (20 kW).

You can always purchase both heating furnaces and baths for baths and saunas from us. Follow the link and buy or order a return call

How to calculate the power of the stove for the sauna

Choosing a furnace for a bathhouse, many are guided by different parameters. The furnace can be performed in any design and price category, have different dimensions, be electric wood or gas, simple or made on an individual order, but the most important thing for a bathhouse is the correct installation and the necessary power criterion selected precisely for your steam room.

The first rule when choosing a furnace for a bath is the optimal thermal power of the heating device, preferably with the presence of a large range of its regulation.

Many consumers are mistaken, choosing a stove with a specially overstated power of power, and think that the greater the power, the steam room will be heated faster. In some ways, they are right. The steam room will really be much faster to heat up, but such a situation will be only at the initial stage of its work. In the future, the oven will be able to work only at a minimum. As a result, the air will be very hot, and the stones will remain cold, and no matter how much water they will not pour on them or they will not give steam at all, or they will secrete white steam clubs, like a boiling kettle. The correct pairs that should be formed should be light and transparent, but with this approach, this will be impossible to achieve.

Then the question arises: what thermal power can be called optimal for the bath? It all depends on the size of your steam room. To warm up the room up to 50 degrees Celsius, depending on the time, you need different times: in the summer. Half an hour; in winter. At least an hour. Also, the type of bath affects the duration of the roller: the frame is a bath or log house.

When calculating the power of the furnace for the bath, you need to proceed from the criterion: 1 m3 = 1 kW, but given additional amendments.

• Measure the total area of ​​the steam room with a roulette. You need width, height and length indicators. All obtained values ​​must be multiplied in turn and you get the volume of the paired room.
• It is necessary to determine potential heat losses. All surfaces without thermal insulation are measured separately, their area is calculated and the resulting sum is multiplied by the coefficient. 1.2. The final result is added to the volume of paired. For the correct calculation, you need to measure all the uninhabited surfaces, such as brickwork, cement screed or tile lining. If a glass door is installed in the bathhouse, 1.5m should be added to the steam room. If you proceed from the value of 1 m3 = 1 kW, on average it is 2-3 kW more than the total volume of steam.
• We calculate the power, taking into account the possible heat loss, and multiply by the multiplier, proportional to a certain material of the bath,: for log house and wood-1.4-1.8, insulated bath lined with lining-0.6-0.8. The result obtained and will be the necessary power power.
• Choosing the average value. This value is necessary to select the performance interval, which is indicated in the stove instructions. For example, from 15 to 20 kW and t.P.

Based on the place where the furnace furnace will be made: directly from the steam room, a place to relax (locker rooms) or shower. The stove should be without a remote firebox or with a remote through tunnel through the wall.

There is a type of furnaces with a pre.Installed water tank (up to 40 liters), an integrated serpenter or heat exchanger. In such furnaces, it implies the process of heat exchange between the stove and water tank, which is installed on the wall in the steering or shower.

The consequences of improper selection of bath furnace power

Many make a mistake believing that the more power, the better. Here are a few facts that will help you understand why it is so important to select an acceptable power of the bath furnace.

• With a high stock of the power of the bath furnace, the room will undoubtedly warm up faster, but after that the furnace will begin to work on the minimum mode. But in the end it turns out that the air is hot and the stones are cold. Pouring water insufficiently warm stones does not make any sense. The couple will not be at all. In another case, the stones can be overheated, and this, in turn, will give heavy steam, which is not suitable for a comfortable rest. The steam should be light and transparent, and this can only be achieved with optimally warmed stones.
• The acquisition of a low.Power unit as a result of saving the costs of arranging. Such a step leads to a decrease in the service life of the furnace, because, although it warms up the room, it will work on maximum shoes. Constantly working for wear, the system will fail much faster.

You need to strive for optimal power, but if for some reason it is difficult to achieve, it is better to buy a stove with a slightly high indicator than with its disadvantage. It is much easier to muffle the flame at a powerful unit than to warm the weak all the steam room to the desired temperature and achieve the desired steam.

Making a home.Made metal furnace

The stove in the bathhouse from iron is made in accordance with standard drawings that can be easily found on the Internet. First you will need to choose the material and tool you need for work. At the same time, almost all operations to collect the furnace will be carried out using a welding machine and a corner grinding machine.

As for the material, you will need a metal sheet, preferably chrome, with a thickness of at least 5 mm. He will go to the ash. On the frame of the furnace, you can use such a sheet and at the same time a metal corner, 3-5 mm thick.

For the manufacture of the firebox and the bottom of the water tank, you will have to cook the material thicker-7-10 mm. We need metal pipes of different diameters for the arrangement of the chimney and the pipeline system of the furnace.

But the doors for the furnace will need to purchase ready.Made construction and household goods in the store. It is best if they are made of cast iron, but if necessary, they can be welded from the remains of a thick.Walled pipeline.

You can also buy a grid for stones, but in any case, fittings and shut.Off valves, as well as grates will have to be purchased, since it will not be possible to make these elements yourself. They are inexpensively, so you can buy them easily quite easily.

After the material is prepared, you can start collecting the furnace. To do this, take a drawing and on its base begin to cut the blanks and weld them together with a corner grinder

At the same time, special attention should be paid to the assembly of the chimney and fireboxes as the most responsible areas of the entire structure

Separately, it is worth noting the fact that when the question arises of how to make the stove in the bath with your own hands is always interested in whether it is necessary to cover the metal structure with bricks? A possible excess of fuel is opposed to such a decision, because the furnace, in addition to metal, will have to warm up the brick. However, everything can be compensated by the excellent appearance of your paired and unique microclimate formed in the room from heated brick.

Calculation rules

To choose the power of the furnace equipment for the bath, you can use the simple way to calculate. To do this, you need to perform several actions:

• Calculate the volume of the steam room. It is required to multiply the height, width, length to each other. The resulting number is divided into 2. The resulting result is a conditional power, which is enough to maintain an optimal temperature regime in a steam room.
• To calculate the power sufficient for heating the premises adjacent to the steam room, stones in a heat.Insulated bath need to multiply the previous result by 3.

After calculating power, you need to find out the optimal size of the furnace chamber. To do this, you need to perform a few more actions:

• Divide the calculated power indicator by 0.5. The resulting number is the recommended volume of a wood firebox, which is measured in liters.
• To find out the linear dimensions of the furnace, you need to extract a square root from the previous result.

Additionally, it is necessary to adhere to some rules:

• It is important to think through the planning of the bath in advance so that you can freely move around the bath rooms, have access to different sides of the furnace in order to maintain a heating unit without interference.
• When installing furnace equipment, arranging a bath, it is important to comply with the fire safety rules indicated in SNiP 41-01-01.
• For steamers of a small area, you need to choose compact furnaces that will not interfere with visitors.

We must not forget about the protection of the surrounding surfaces from the influence of the heat, the external cladding of heating units made of metal.

When choosing furnaces for baths, you need to carefully study the technical characteristics of the purchased model, correctly calculate the required power, design dimensions. If you thoughtlessly buy or build a heating unit, you can face many problems when operating.