How to prepare the clay mortar
How to paste the oven with clay so it does not crack? Here are instructions on how to prepare a mortar from ordinary clay. If you are using chamotte heat-resistant clay, then be more guided by the enclosed annotation from the manufacturer. Knead the clay-sand mixture in several steps:
- Soak the clay for 12 hours. After that, so that no dry lumps remain, it is necessary to grind and stir the wet clay thoroughly.
- Sifted sand is added to the soaked clay. The proportion should be one part sand to two parts clay.
- If whitewashing is planned, it is advisable to add lime to the mixture.
- Stir the mixture until the consistency of sour cream, then cover with clay film for 10-12 hours.
- Check the readiness of the mixture: roll a small ball and squeeze, it should not crack, if the composition cracks, then add water.
- The stove must be heated to warm the walls, then the places where the mortar will be applied, wet with water.
- Coating.
To avoid the appearance of cracks, straw is added to the mixture in the old fashioned way. Straw is cut into small fragments, it will also need time to soak in the solution. Nowadays we sell a special plaster mesh, which prevents the surface from cracking and drying. The mesh is attached to the surface, on top of which the clay mortar is applied.
Clay composition varies depending on the components added:
Stovemakers tend to choose the first option. The proportions depend on which clay to use for the stove. If it is greasy, the ratio of sand will be 2:1, if medium greasy. 1:1.Also with good quality clay you can do without additives.
If you do not want to measure the components, you can take a ready-made mixture. The bag of clay-chamotte kaolin refractory mix “Terracotta” on 20 kg costs on average 250-300.
Clay. the basis for masonry mortars
Clay is the main component in the manufacture of masonry furnace mixes. This is due to its unique quality. when heated, it turns into stone. The clay mortar withstands high temperatures and ensures the reliability of the entire structure. But other ingredients are also used to make. The clay is divided into two kinds: dry and oily. When heated, the first crumbles, while the second cracks and shrinks.
Proper masonry bricks on clay mortar
Note that the ratio of the ingredients of the solution will always be different. Each time the proportions are determined by experimentation. After all, in nature there are never two absolutely identical rocks. For each mortar, depending on the fatness of the clay, the ideal combination of ingredients will vary.
The quality of the rock is determined as follows. You need to roll a clay cord 1 cm thick and 20 cm long, and then wrap a piece of wood 5 cm in diameter with it. The normal clay tourniquet gradually stretches and when its thickness decreases by more than 70% of its initial volume, it tears.
The most common is considered a mixture of clay and sand. It is in demand in masonry, decoration and repair of the hearth.
What to putty the stove, so it does not crack?
Over time, cracks can form in the masonry of a brick oven. This is due to a number of reasons:
- the influence of temperature fluctuations
- uneven heating of refractory bricks bonded with chamotte clay
- Poor quality putty used in the construction of the furnace
- sagging of the furnace
- Improper drying of the stove
- Poor quality work on the finish
- Condensation formed on the walls of the stove
Deep cracks pose a threat of structural collapse, as well as the penetration through the poisonous carbon monoxide, dangerous to health and life. A legitimate question arises. what can be putty stove to prevent it from cracking? If the only way to get rid of the cracks that arose as a result of furnace subsidence is to install a new foundation, in other cases, you can get rid of them.
How to caulk an oven so it doesn’t crack from the heat
If there is a stove in the house and periodically there is a smell of smoke or carbon monoxide, then there are cracks in it. And even a construction made of refractory bricks and fireclay is not immune to cracking. Although such stoves can withstand high temperatures. up to 1000 °.
Through through cracks in the room enters the gas, which negatively affects human health, even in small quantities. Therefore, you should not bring your furnace to a critical state, it is better to periodically carry out maintenance and caulk it.
How to caulk the stove, so it does not crack from the heat important tips
Every furnace owner sooner or later asks the question how and with what you can caulk the furnace, so that it does not crack from the heat. Even the most diverse constructions can crack over time. The causes can be as follows:
- the masonry technology has been violated;
- the surface heats unevenly;
- Shrinkage of the brick structure;
- The use of low-quality material.
Inspect the extent of damage
The first step is to determine how badly the oven has been damaged. If small cracks have formed on the surface of the structure, in order to get rid of them, you will need to remove the facing and clean the brick from the plaster.
After all the trim has been removed, you can begin to caulk the cracks. Various mixtures can be used for this work:
Let’s take a closer look at the best compounds for caulking the furnace when it was formed cracks.
Chamotte clay
This material is most often used for oven repair. Chamotte clay has special qualities that can withstand high temperatures of the furnace, so designs made with this material is quite reliable and durable.
You can buy the material in a construction supermarket. Soak the chamotte clay in water and leave it to soak for about two days before starting work.
A composition of clay and sand
A mixture of sand and clay can be used to restore the appearance and strength of the stove. To prepare the mortar you will need:
- Pour the clay with regular water in a ratio of 1:3 and leave it for about 1 day.
- Stir the clay, gradually adding water, then strain it through a sieve, wait a few hours and drain the water.
- The clay should be thick like sour cream, mix the material with sand in equal proportions.
- Stir the mortar thoroughly until some clumps of the mixture begin to stick to the stick. If any material is not enough, you can add it in small quantities while mixing. Usually use 1 part clay to 2.5 parts sand.
Kiln glue
Many craftsmen use heat-resistant adhesive to keep the stove from cracking. This material is fairly resistant to high temperatures and durable.
You can buy glue for the furnace at construction sites, the substance includes fireclay powder and fire-resistant varieties of cement. Today there are two types of glue hard and plastic.
Stove glue is capable of drying quickly, so it is not recommended to use the mortar in large quantities.
Trowel
You can use a special trowel to seal the cracks in the oven. It is worth noting that the grout in stores are very expensive, but they are quite effective in sealing various cracks on the stove.
If you cannot buy the remedy, prepare it at home. Prepare the following components:
Thoroughly knead the clay and pour water on it for 15 hours. Next, add the right amount of sand to the solution, knead the mixture and gradually add salt and finely chopped straw to it. The ratio will be about this: for 4 buckets of clay 1 bucket of sand, a packet of salt and a few kilos of straw.
How to put a coating on the stove
After choosing the material to restore the stove, proceed to puttying the cracks. If you use your own prepared mixture of sand and clay, then use the following method:
- Clean the brick of finishing material and plaster.
- Warm up the furnace, then pour water on new cracks. This is done to prevent the grout from absorbing moisture, so it does not lose its properties.
- Apply the mortar to the cracks and begin the caulking process. The work is recommended to perform in rubber gloves, but in general this solution is completely harmless.
- After caulking, proceed to plaster the exterior surfaces.
Important! Furnace only after the mortar has dried completely.
If you have chosen to use oven glue, the instructions for caulking will be as follows:
- Mix a little plastic mortar and work the cracks with water.
- Apply the mixture into the cracks and into all the crevices.
- Mix a solid mortar and coat your stove with it.
- After 30-60 minutes, you can start plastering the stove, as the glue dries very quickly.
Fixing cracks on metal surfaces
If cracks have formed on the stove made of metal, then experts use welding to seal the cracks. If you can’t use this option, you can prepare mortar:
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The nuances of selecting and installing a cast-iron stove plate
The stove works on solid fuel (coal or charcoal, tho), which burns directly in the furnace and thus heats up the heating surfaces. Cast-iron stove for the furnace is one of these elements of heat dissipation, it not only contributes to the spread of heat in the room, but is also used for cooking.
The purpose and technical characteristics of the product
Cast-iron stove plates, also called cooking plates, are mounted directly on the upper horizontal plane of the oven. They are used for cooking and heating the room. This element has an inertial heat output: heated cast iron surface cools for a long time, while evenly heating the room and also serves as a hob.
The product is made by casting method. As the material used gray cast iron grade SCh 15-20. This metal is a compound of iron and carbon (more than 2%) and has high strength and refractory properties. Also in its composition gray iron contains silicon, phosphorus, manganese and sulfur. The presence of such impurities greatly improves the physical and chemical characteristics of the metal.
The cast-iron stove for the furnace is resistant to temperature fluctuations, it does not deform during operation and retains its integrity throughout its life.
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For your information! Any products made of gray cast iron are immune to corrosion, as their surface is covered with a layer of rust immediately after casting. It is this “protective” layer that prevents corrosion from penetrating deep into the metal.
Types of cast iron plates for the furnace
The cast iron plate installed on the stove can be prefabricated or one-piece. In both cases, it acts as a heat conductor and cooking burner at the same time. The difference lies in the presence or absence of thermal breaks, which compensate for the expansion that occurs when the metal heats up.
Let’s take a closer look at each type of product, get acquainted with their advantages and disadvantages.
The subtleties of mounting the stove on the stove
First of all, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of thermal expansion of different materials. For example, bricks and cast iron are completely different behave under the influence of high temperatures, and if you brick up the stove hob in the masonry, then such a stove will not last long. It will simply collapse due to expansion of the metal.
A proper installation of the heater element requires a 5 mm all-round gap without brickwork. Thus, when heated, the stove element will have sufficient free space for expansion, and the brickwork will retain its integrity.
The top row is laid “dry” (without mortar) in order to properly lay the future expansion gap
At installation use a clayasbestos mortar of a liquid consistency. With its help they fix the cast-iron plate on the stove. The solution is prepared as follows: pulverized asbestos is added to the clay diluted with water, and then, gradually adding liquid, bring the connection to the state “liquid sour cream”.
The stove slab is always laid on the level. And the burner with the largest diameter is located directly above the furnace.
The top row of the furnace masonry is secured with a steel angle around the perimeter of the furnace, thus strengthening the strength of the entire structure.
For your information! After installing the new cast-iron cooking flooring, the first fire is carried out according to a special scheme. Slowly, over 8 hours, heat the oven to a temperature of about 600°C. This means that every hour the temperature of heat-generating surfaces should increase by 75-85 ° C. Such a gradual annealing allows you to eliminate the internal stress of cast iron, which greatly enhances its strength characteristics.
Installing a cast-iron hob on the stove. no joking task. The accuracy of installation directly affects the duration of operation of the product, so such responsible work should be entrusted to professionals.
Briefly about the basics
If cracks appear on the oven, it is important to find out how critical it is, and what to do about it. Inspection of the masonry allows you to determine the cause. The defect can easily be eliminated if the cause of the cracks was infrequent or improper use, mistakes of finishing work or design flaws. Restoration will not save if there is a problem with the foundation or an error in calculations.
Ready-made and homemade compositions are used for caulking. All of them, from sand and clay mixture to ready-made adhesive compositions, can qualitatively eliminate defects. To ensure that cracks do not appear again, developed a technique of applying a plaster layer on the stove, to restore the metal surfaces use special pastes-sealants.
Every furnace owner sooner or later asks the question. how and what can be caulked stove to prevent it from cracking from the heat. Even the most different structures over time can give cracks. Causes can be as follows:
- The masonry technology has been broken;
- The surface heats up unevenly;
- shrinkage of the brick structure;
- Use of substandard material.
Examine the extent of the damage
To begin with, it is necessary to determine how badly the furnace has been damaged. If the surface of the structure formed small cracks, to get rid of them, you will need to remove the lining and brick clean plaster.
After all the trim has been removed, you can begin to caulk the gaps. For this work, you can use a variety of mixtures:
Let’s try to take a closer look at the best compositions for caulking the stove when cracks have formed on it.
Chamotte clay
This material is most often used for kiln restoration. Chamotte clay has special qualities that can withstand high temperatures of the furnace, so the structures made with this material are quite reliable and durable.
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You can buy the material in a construction supermarket. Before starting work, the chamotte clay is soaked in plain water and infused for about 2 days.
Composition of clay and sand
You can use a mixture of sand and clay to restore the appearance and strength of the stove. To prepare the mortar is necessary:
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- Pour the clay with plain water in a 1:3 ratio and insist for about 1 day.
- Stir the clay, gradually adding water, then strain it through a sieve, wait a few hours and drain the water.
- The clay should be thick like sour cream, mix the material in equal proportions with sand.
- Stir the solution thoroughly until some clumps of the mixture begin to stick to the stick. If any material is not enough, you can add it in small quantities during mixing. Usually use 1 part clay to 2.5 parts sand.
Stove glue
Many craftsmen use heat-resistant glue, so that the stove does not crack. This material is quite resistant to high temperatures and durable.
You can buy glue for the furnace at construction sites, the substance includes fireclay powder and fire-resistant varieties of cement. Today there are two types of glue. hard and plastic.
Stove glue is capable of drying out quickly, so it is not recommended to use the mortar in large quantities.
Grout
You can use a special grout to seal cracks in the oven. It is worth noting that the grout in stores is very expensive, but it is quite effective in sealing the various cracks in the stove.
If you can not buy this product, then prepare it at home. Prepare the following components:
Thoroughly knead the clay and pour water over it for 15 hours. Then add the required amount of sand to the mixture, knead the mixture and add to it gradually salt and finely chopped straw. The ratio will be approximately as follows: for 4 buckets of clay. 1 bucket of sand, a packet of salt and several kg of straw.
How to Caulk an Oven
After selecting the material for the restoration of the furnace, proceed to the grouting of cracks. If you use a self-cooked mixture of sand and clay, then use the following method:
- Clean the brick from the finishing material and plaster.
- Warm up the furnace, and then pour water on new cracks. This is done to prevent moisture from being absorbed from the caulk, so that it does not lose its properties.
- Apply mortar to cracks and begin the caulking process. Rubber gloves are recommended for the work, but in general this mortar is completely harmless.
- After caulking, proceed to plaster the exterior surfaces.
Important! Only heat the stove after the mortar has dried completely.
If you have chosen furnace glue, the instructions for the caulk will be as follows:
- Mix a little plastic mortar and work the cracks with water.
- Apply the mixture into cracks and all crevices.
- Mix up a solid mortar and coat your stove with it.
- After 30-60 minutes you can start plastering the stove, as the glue dries very quickly.
Fixing cracks on metal surfaces
If cracks have formed on the stove made of metal, the experts use welding to seal the cracks. If it is impossible to apply this option, you can prepare a solution:
- A clay-based mixture using metal filings, salt, manganese dioxide and borax in a ratio of 30 to 4:1:2:1.
- Either knead in the proportions 1.5:96:2.5. colloidal sulfur, metal filings and ammonium chloride.
